Researchers from The University of Queensland are shining a light on the link between greenspace exposure and better health in the hope of influencing future urban greening policies.

Chinonso Odebeatu, a Ph.D. candidate from UQ’s School of Public Health, led a recent study that found positive associations between exposure to greenspace and sufficient vitamin D levels, which support skeletal, cardiovascular and metabolic health.

The study involved more than 440,000 participants in the United Kingdom and examined the association between greenspace exposure and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)—a blood measurement that determines healthy levels of vitamin D.

Greenspace was assessed in a 300-meter and 1,000-meter radius of natural environment around each participant’s home.

Those with the most access to greenspace were 36% more likely to report sufficient 25(OH)D. The research is published in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,

“The environment we live in—particularly our exposure to greenspaces—plays a role in how much vitamin D we get from the sun, irrespective of skin color, genetic predisposition, and latitudinal differences,” Odebeatu said.

“Vitamin D deficiency affects people of all ages and has been linked to rickets in children and osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, diabetes and multiple sclerosis in adults.

“Greenspace exposure can improve health by increasing Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, which boosts Vitamin D levels and regulates the immune system.”

The study’s co-author Associate Professor Nicholas Osborne said the findings could influence urban planning and greening policies that promote outdoor activities in greenspaces, particularly in communities at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency.

“The study also emphasizes the importance of equitable distribution of quality greenspaces, especially in communities where certain demographics may have limited access,” he said.

While too much sun exposure comes with its own health concerns, Odebeatu said the research focused on the importance of ‘controlled’ exposure.

“Given that the majority of vitamin D synthesis comes from the sun, it’s important we spend some time in the sun, especially in the morning when the UVB radiation isn’t as strong,” he said.

“Availability of greenspaces within urban and residential settings offers additional benefits beyond vitamin D synthesis, such as improving air quality, reducing urban heat-island effects, promoting physical activity, reducing loneliness and minimizing sedentary behaviors.

“By integrating greenspace policies into urban design, cities can reduce the burden on health care systems through prevention-focused strategies.”