Four out of five males in prison have a history of significant head injury

Four out of five males in prison have a history of significant head injury


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New Research has found that 4 out of 5 males in prison has a history of significant head injury, with many having been expected to reepeated heads injuries over time.

LED by the University of Glasgow and Published in Frontirs in psychiatryThis latest research highlights both the very high prevalence and the impacts of significant head injury among scotland’s adult male population. This is the third study in a series on head injuries Among Scotland’s Prisoners, which has alredy found similar findings in women and young males.

Currently, Adult Male Prisoners Comprise more than 90% of the prison population. In this study sample of 286 adult males, demographically representative of Approximately 8,000 adult males in prison in scotland, Significant Head Injury was found in 86% of the prisoners. The research also showed that 35% of that group – 151 of the study participants overall –had experienceded reepeated Head Injuries Routinely over Long Periods of Time. The most frequent cause was violence, although many had heads from from many causes.

Disability was associateed with significant head injury in 35% of that during studed, and while the research found a strong association with problem or alocohol use, a history of surplus injuryry was also associated with clinical anxiety and clinical depression. Disability after Head Injury was also associateed with Differenties with Social Relationships, and POOORRR SELF-Control, For Example, with TEMPER-with TEMPER-with TEMPER –Al Risk factor for criminal

Prisoners who had experienced significant head injury was also more likely to have had more arrests, charges and convictions and convictions and at younger ages, and was at great involvement in VioLevement in Violend and Proporty Offenses than there prisoners without head injury.

Professor Tom McMillan, Lead Author of the Study from the University of Glasgow, said, “our study review Offenders in Scotland, which builds on our previous findings about young male offenders and women offenders.

“Overall, our Study shows that a history of reepeated serial head injury is very common in adult males in prison, and is associated with a green a green, if Crime, Including VioNECE. Disability Associated with Serious Head Injury in Male Prisoners that often affects social relationships and is linked with multiple health problems in this groups.

“Our study indicates that head injury is part of a complex ‘weave’ of health morbidities in prisoners that needs to be considered holistically when providing supporting support and development intensity.”

The study is part of a program of work on head injury and the criminal justice system With nhs-education scotland.

More information:
Tom M. McMillan et al, Association Between Significant Head Injury and Cognitive Function, Disability, and Crime in Adult men in prison in Scotland Uk: A Cross-Sectional Study, Frontirs in psychiatry (2025). Doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1544211

Provided by University of Glasgow


Citation: Four out of five males in prison have a history of significant head injury (2025, March 19) retrieved 19 March 2025 from

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